Pakistan’s Chehlum (Arbaeen): Honouring Time-Honored Tradition

Chehlum or Arbaeen falls on September 6, 2023, in Pakistan. It takes place on the twentieth of Safar each year, according to the Islamic calendar. On Arbaeen, the 40-day period of mourning for the Karbala War martyrs ends. The 20 Safar falls on September 6 in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and some other places, although it falls on September 6 in the Arabic world.

In Shia Islam, Arba’in (Arabic:, lit. “fortieth”) occurs forty days after Ashura, which commemorates the passing of Husayn ibn Ali, the third Shia imam and the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Husayn was killed in the Battle of Karbala on 10 Muharram 61 AH (680 CE) against the army of the Umayyad caliph Yazid ibn Mu’awiya (r. 680–683), along with the majority of his kin and his tiny retinue. Husayn’s unwillingness to swear allegiance to Yazid, who is frequently characterised by Muslim history as impious and wicked, led to the conflict. Karbala represents the eternal conflict between good and evil, the height of self-sacrifice, and the final undermining of Muhammad’s prophetic mission in Shia Islam.

The 40-day period of mourning that began after Ashura, the anniversary of Imam Hussain’s martyrdom, is marked by Chehlum, also known as Arbaeen, a significant Islamic event in Pakistan. This sad day holds great cultural and religious significance for the Shia Muslim population in Pakistan, and the entire country observes it with respect and devotion.

Chehlum is mostly used for religious purposes. Shia Muslims’ distinctive prayers and meetings are held in mosques, imambargahs, and other houses of worship. These meetings typically include readings of marsiyas (elegies), nohas (lamentations), and other sombre poetry, as well as speeches that remember the tragedy of Karbala and the execution of Imam Hussain.

In a number of Pakistani cities, including Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad, processions are held on Chehlum. Thousands of mourners are taking part, many of whom are carrying banners and miniatures of the holy shrine of Imam Hussain. In these processions, participants beat their chests and somberly chant elegies.

The month of Chehlum is also a time for kindness and giving. No matter their belief, many Shia Muslims provide free food and water to anyone in need, as an act of charity.

As evidenced by Imam Hussain’s participation in the Battle of Karbala, Shia Muslims mark Chehlum as a time to reflect on the virtues of justice, altruism, and rejecting injustice. Shia communities come together during this period to live in peace and assist one another, strengthening their bonds with fellow believers and showcasing their unwavering commitment to their religion.

Although Chehlum is primarily a Shia celebration, there is also an opportunity for interfaith dialogue and understanding because non-Shia Muslims frequently attend, showing respect and harmony.

In conclusion, Chehlum is a religious festival and a strong representation of civic duty, brotherhood, and faith in Pakistan. Due to the fact that it serves as a reminder of Imam Hussain’s continuing legacy and his message of resistance to tyranny, it is an important cultural and holy occasion in Pakistan’s rich tapestry.

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